We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Table 4 Organization anywhere between dowry/bride-to-be rates (paid down because of the for the-laws out-of sisters, other people regarding town and you will community) and wife’s condition on the relationship family (OLS)
cuatro.step three Conversation and you can robustness checks
In deciding this new ladies reputation regarding marital family, the effect of your web dowry (dowry without bride to be rates) could possibly get count. Remember that the degree of deferred mehr is included by themselves off the online dowry as the former is never repaid except if divorce proceedings happen and should not be considered possessions lead on the matrimony. The outcome advise that the fresh new property put for the ount) increase their unique decision-and work out power and you can liberty. Such confident connectivity aren’t shocking because the the fresh new connectivity away from bride rates paid back at the time of relationship work with restrict so you can that from dowry however estimations.
Perhaps, an increased decades or education variation you’ll damage the fresh wife’s status throughout the relationship domestic. Also age differences including training distinction (replacing this new partner’s ages and you may degree) does not change the fundamental effects, therefore the coefficients of these parameters commonly tall (Appendix Table 9, Panel B).
New estimation processes was regular by the substitution dowry and you may fiance rates which have internet dowry (Appendix Table nine, Committee A)
That you’ll argue that the amount of years as marriage are important because the result regarding dowry (otherwise fiance price) was deeper after relationship. Also age as ount regarding dowry (replacement female’s many years at the marriage) magnifies the bottom aftereffect of dowry into the women’s flexibility but minimizes the magnitude and importance level for the women’s decision-making (Appendix Table nine, Committee C). Meaning one more substantial dowry advances the wife’s independence in this new marital domestic just after relationships; but not, brand new connection isn’t significantly affected by the latest passage of decades once the marriage.
Zero way of measuring gender ideology is roofed however quote due to endogeneity questions. That you are going to argue that inclusion of these actions could possibly get undermine the brand new connection ranging from dowry and you can ladies’ standing regarding the relationship domestic. Although we dont reject the chance that choices and you may ideological values concerning the gender relations aren’t intrinsic and alter along the marital lives, the newest estimate process are regular by the also two methods having son preference: the first variable means you to in the event the wife’s finest amount of sons was free colombian dating sites more than that of daughters additionally the 2nd means that if the wife would like to promote degree to sons as opposed to to daughters. Managing getting gender ideology will not considerably impact the main quote results (Appendix Table 9, Panel D). Interestingly, ladies’ decision-making was definitely for the young buck taste. Although not, it is adversely associated with preference to possess providing higher education so you can sons as compared with daughters. A possible translation is that extremely educated women is generally facing gender inequality for the studies and get far more motivated about relationship house but prefer that have much more sons than simply daughters. Which appears in line with some current knowledge showing that young buck taste is more common certainly one of very experienced feminine rather than uneducated female inside Southern Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you will Preston 1991).